Burden of refractive errors in Albania – Findings from an Urban Eye Clinic in Tirana

Abstract

Relevance: This study is essential for understanding the prevalence of refractive errors in Albania and their impact on visual health. It highlights the importance of access to eye care services, emphasizing disparities in urban and rural areas, thereby underscoring the need for improved nationwide eye health coverage.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and impact of refractive errors in Albania focusing on subjects attending an urban eye clinic in Tirana.

Methods: Participants were recruited for this study  between the first three quarters of 2024. All participants underwent a comprehensive examination to assess visual acuity, objective refraction using i-Profile Plus, and subjective refraction with the Automated Visuphor 500. A basic eye examination was conducted using biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. Optometric management included optical services, such as glasses and contact lenses, provided within the facility, while referrals were made for subjects requiring specialist examination or surgical intervention, such as cataract surgery. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS v28, following a format designed for comprehensive analysis. 

Results: Based on the data of 901 patients, including children and adults, 56.24% patients were females and 43.76% were males. It was found that 32.29% (291) of the patients attended the eye clinic were having myopia, 33.08% (298) were having hyperopia, and 34.62% (312) were emmetropes. Furthermore, we found no sex differences between refractive errors. 13.3% of Anisometropia was reported in subjects. Eight out of Ten patients were provided or able to achieve best corrected visual acuity of 1.0(6/6) with refractive correction either glasses or contact lenses, while 2 out 10 required further eye examination or surgical interventions for conditions such as cataracts. 

Conclusions: Refractive errors are the primary reason for visits to eye clinics. Access to eye care services is crucial, as Four out of Ten individuals either do not receive correction or lack refractive services, which is particularly evident in urban areas and may be even more pronounced in the rural regions of Albania. Universal access to eye health coverage should be implemented nationwide in order to ensure equitable care.