Ocular Affectation due to the Use of a Mask during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Relevance: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent prolonged use of face masks as the main recommendation to prevent transmission, a literature review has been conducted to determine if there is a solid association between prolonged mask use and ocular pathologies.
Summary: This work will review available literature on the incidence of ocular pathologies in relation to mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2022, a systematic literature review was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that used masks as a measure to prevent virus spread, conducted in humans during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020 - March 2022), and evaluated ocular conditions were included. Fifteen studies were identified in the search according to the eligibility criteria of this review, of which two discussed ocular discomfort, seven discussed dry eye, one discussed chalazion, and five reported cases of ocular trauma. Overall, mask use was associated with an increase in the incidence of stye/chalazion and ocular discomfort, even in healthy individuals, and was linked to the type of mask and hours of use. It was also related to an increase in symptoms and signs of dry eye, worsening in patients already diagnosed with Dry Eye Disease (DED) and contact lens wearers, as well as in the postoperative period. Additionally, various cases of ocular trauma due to poor fit and incorrect use of the mask were found. Despite the increased incidence of ocular manifestations associated with prolonged mask use, its use remains a primary and effective measure to prevent COVID-19 transmission and infection. Therefore, the population is recommended to exercise caution in its use and increase the frequency of instilling preservative-free ocular lubricants to reduce ocular symptoms and prevent potential complications.
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