Influencia de la dosis de atropina en el polo anterior de una población infantil miope
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71413/4s500m76Palabras clave:
Miopía, Control Miopía, efectos secundarios, defecto refractivo, AtropinaResumen
Relevancia: El empleo del tratamiento farmacológico en forma de colirio de atropina para el control de la progresión de la miopía infantil, puede producir cambios en las diferentes estructuras del polo anterior.
Propósito: Evaluar los cambios producidos en el polo anterior en niños miopes en tratamiento con colirio de atropina al 0,025%.
Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron niños miopes entre 4 y 16 años en tratamiento con colirio de atropina al 0,025%. Se evaluó la longitud axial, refracción ciclopléjica en equivalente esférico (EE), recuento endotelial (RE) mediante microscopía especular, diámetro pupilar en condiciones mesópicas y fotópicas, tiempo de ruptura lagrimal no invasivo (NIKBUT), mediante Keratograph, grosor corneal (PACH) central, curvatura corneal, astigmatismo y asfericidad corneal mediante tomografía (Pentacam). Se evaluó a los pacientes antes de iniciar tratamiento (basal), y a los 12 meses.
Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 68 niños miopes de edad media 9,8 ± 2,5 años. No se observaron cambios significativos en el RE, PACH, asfericidad corneal o NIKBUT (p=0,55, p=0,81, p=0,63, p=0,10, respectivamente). El diámetro pupilar aumentó tras 12 meses en condiciones mesópicas en 0,81 mm y fotópicas en 1,38 mm, p<0,001. El astigmatismo medio corneal también incrementó de 1,09 ± 0,44D a 1,22 ± 0,52D a los 12 meses, p<0,05.
Conclusiones: El uso de colirio de atropina al 0.025% no produce cambios significativos en los parámetros estudiados del polo anterior a los 12 meses de seguimiento, a excepción del esperado aumento de diámetro pupilar que fue bien tolerado por los niños. Dado el aumento del empleo de colirio de atropina como tratamiento a largo plazo para la progresión de miopía, es recomendable seguir estudios que evalúen sus efectos.
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